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Post by anaamaral on May 30, 2016 21:04:07 GMT -6
ENTRY # 50782242
Adaptable Classrooms in Abetenim, Ghana
Design Team: Ana Araujo Amaral and Joana Lobato Lagos, architects (Portugal)
DESIGN STATEMENT
This design presents a classroom prepared for the challenges of inhabiting presented to students and meets the local culture and site premises in an innovative, yet traditional, way.
The base idea, for each module, is to divide the classroom in two spaces with different essences and appropriations. These spaces are divided by different heights - a low wall breaks the volume in two. There are wood windows which have a folding system - these enable the two spaces to be completely separated or to form a whole, heterogeneous, volume.
The higher space is the classroom, as traditional, the lowest is flexible, allowing different appropriations such as studying lounge; small amphitheater; lockers room/passageway.
As the modules are aggregated, they forms a corridor that roams through the school. This can be used as a promenade for students' exhibitions or presentations.
One of the primary purpose of the base heights’ idea is to cross the eyesight through the building. The classroom has windows in the two facing elevations, one facing the outside, the other facing the patio. That gives the design permeability, allowing you to feel the outside being inside.
The aggregation reads inside semi-private patios. These bring to the school the local nature and culture of living the exterior. So they are revealed as lounge wild spaces.
As to the materials, the design focuses on local resources privileging the local hard wood and rammed earth. For the roof, corrugated roofing sheets.
The different heights, the openings and inside patios allow a natural ventilation system. These, as the extended roof, protect the module from rainwaters.
Budget
Foundation, wall + flooring – 1200$
Walling (rammed earth) - 850$
Structure
Bamboo (local hard wood) + door and window frames - 2000$
Roofing (Corrugated zinc panels) - 1 100$
Miscellaneous
Tables/lockers/benches, others - 500$
Transport (materials) - 700$
TOTAL: 6350$
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Post by chucho on May 30, 2016 23:16:42 GMT -6
ENTRY # 514427572
 DESIGN TEAM: Úrsula Schwuchow Machorro, Mexico Design Statement
The group of buildings create a system in which everybody can learn from an ordinary task where the food comes from, how to take care of the food and how to live more sustainable, in Freinet words “to learn by doing”.
The dispositition of the elements in the project: cafeteria hall, greenhouse, green processing and dressing rooms create a central patio that configures the space. Aiming to provoque encounters between the whole community in the school, and also it works as a water storage from rain collected water.
The roofs, facing towards the central patio are covered with endemic vegetation and the soil obtained from the foundations excavation is turned into the building walls in the rammed earth technique.
Each volume has its own storage space trying to maintain the hall as open as possible reinforcing the idea of public space.
BUDGET
-Foundation $2000
Fabricated with rammed earth with more resistance and over a bed of stones that permit the
proper drainage in the rainy season.
-Structure $2000
The structural properties of the rammed earth system work with a concrete upper beam that gives the building the rigidity that it needs..
-Walls ¡Free!
Rammed earth walls of 50cm overlapping each falsework for structural proposes.
-Roof $1600
Zinc Sheets with their own metallic structure in which we propose an isolation system using bamboo as covering for the inside roof and ventilation on the vertical parts of the roof, meanwhile on the outside with geotextile, gravel and a bit of soil we produce a green roof populated by happy endemic species.
-Installations $2000
Electric, Gas and Hydro-Sanitary installation and exterior drainage to collect water into a water storage.
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jp
New Member
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Post by jp on May 30, 2016 23:30:24 GMT -6
ENTRY # 511545827 Teach by Example, Learn by Living: A Rural School for Ghana
DESIGN TEAM: Jelena Pejkovic (Serbia)
DESIGN STATEMENT
“Design imagination is our primary instrument
to define how we want our world to be.”
– Laufen Manifesto
The aim of this design proposal is to show by practical example that beauty, self-sufficiency, meaningful work and local pride are all within reach in rural Ghana.
The proposed classroom module for the community secondary school in Abetenim extends into a shaded outdoor area that overlooks a common courtyard shared by eight classrooms nested around it. The more insular spaces of learning thus extend into the space for communication, and further into the larger communal space for sports, performance or play.
The classrooms are built by using traditional or locally available materials, and by engaging the local work force. The future students will also be able to participate in all lighter tasks on the building site. Even before they enter their new classrooms, they will have a chance to learn a lifelong lesson about shaping the world – by building their future with their own hands.
Materials and techniques concept:
Foundation: reinforced concrete strip along the perimeter walls
Walls: rammed earth
Ring beam: timbers placed along the external and internal wall perimeter
Roof structure: laterally stabilized timber trusses with double top and bottom chords and “sandwiched” struts
Roof cover: corrugated sheet metal
Shading screens: The architect will work with the local community to understand how traditional basket weaving techniques of Ghana could be adapted for creating shading screens for the school building out of the cleared palm trees.
Cost estimate:
4974 USD for 1 classroom of 61.4 m2 or 81 USD/m2 (itemized budget enclosed separately)
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MC
New Member
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Post by MC on May 30, 2016 23:44:09 GMT -6
ENTRY #512752230
DESIGNING A SCHOOL FOR GHANA: CLASSROOM
Design Team: ARCHISAN, Mehnaz Chowdhury, Sumaiya Mehjabeen, Architects, Bangladesh
Design Description:
Celebration of culture & heritage is the essence of rural vernacular architecture of Ghana that is responsive of socio-cultural, climatic & geological aspects. Our project “Designing a school for Ghana” focuses on place-making for education of children with special attention to the psychology & activity pattern of the age group (12-18 years) for space arrangements and cultural heritage.
The classroom clusters are set within the site in a way that it creates connection between courtyards of each cluster. This designed to serve as assembly and group play area. The pocket spaces created within the clusters become the small group gathering and small play area. The solid walls are kept for personalization by the users, featured by graffiti and ethnic patterns of traditional painted huts of Ghana. Each cluster has indoor classrooms, outdoor learning areas and space for dynamic activities at the upper levels.
This project is an attempt to achieve the quality of “place” for both academic purposes and for interaction, inspiration and innovation, following basic vernacular design principles, using locally available materials and promoting culture & heritage.
Material Description:
Concrete trench foundation has been introduced here, which is filled with earth up to the plinth level. The plinth level is plastered with neat cement finish. Rammed earth load bearing walls are 18 inch thick with standard size brick column filled with RCC at the corners for strengthening. Locally available corrugated sheet has been used for roofing along with bamboo structure. Well-seasoned bamboo with reinforcement is used as main structural system for roofing. Concrete lintel above the openings is designed for strength and lateral load. All the openings and shutters are designed with locally available wood.
Budget:
1. Foundation, Plinth & Lintel: $1600
2. Wall: $1000
3. Opening & Screen: $1700
4. Bamboo Structure: $1200
5. Roof:$2200
6. Rain Water Harvesting & Miscellaneous: $300
Total: $8000
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acho
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Post by acho on May 31, 2016 1:16:21 GMT -6
ENTRY # 496759853 Learning Pavilion: Adaptable Classrooms in Abetenim, Ghana
By Adrian Cho
Design Statement:
Integrating local traditions into modern architectural principles, the Abetenim community secondary school proposes a modular-type design of classrooms in a 1-storey building, where 10 highly functional and modular units are assembled to form a courtyard. Each classroom can accommodate at least 48 students and a teacher, providing an adequate space for large group of students to learn.
Key themes of the design revolve around high sustainability and environmental friendliness. Part of the aim is to enable cost-efficient construction that could be easily executed by local unskilled workers with the use of local materials.
The building complex has a wooden frame structure with a trench filled foundation. Such a construction method would effectively utilize low-cost materials available without sacrificing the functional aspect of the building. To keep in line with the key themes of the project, the walls of the building are produced by mixing recycled glass bottles with earth.
There are several important features that enlarge the functionality and sustainability of the building. A water tank is provided to collect rain water for daily uses. Walls made of glass bottles allow sunlight to pass through, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the building for lighting. In light of the high incidence of flooding, the floor is elevated to minimize damage during a flood. The walkway is covered by roof to provide a shelter for students during recess.
Budget: Foundation: Concrete - $2000 Gravel - $200
Wall: Earth - $0 Cement Sand - $900 Bottle - $0
Structure: Hardwood Frame - $3000
Roof: Corrugated Sheet - $700
Fittings: Frame - $200 Blinds - $300
Miscellaneous: Plumbing - $200 Water Tank - $50 Electrical - $200
TOTAL: - $7750
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Post by julianlang on May 31, 2016 3:08:11 GMT -6
#513109853
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Project Statement:
Generally the typical courtyard typology is used to signify safety, security and community. We set out to keep these fundamental principles but to make the courtyard more playful, inviting and less formal - a place for the children to relax comfortably yet to still feel connected to home. To accommodate all the children we split the brief into four buildings (eight units). Two buildings surround two informally connected courtyards which were created by splitting and shifting the traditional courtyard typology. Opposing blocks are occupied by different genders with an aim for social inclusion. Interlinked courtyards are introduced with consideration to gender privacy but nonexclusive gender interaction. The scheme is divided into budget sensitive single story phases, constructed using rammed earth walls, rock foundations with concrete, earth flooring, locally sourced timber ceilings and shutters, and corrugated iron roofs elevated on timber trusses. Ventilation is key due to the Ghanaian climate, hence the raised roof and permeable openings and ceilings. Users of the dorms are able to control the internal climate by limiting ventilation through the shutters and the floor wall vents. The shutters, vents and permeable ceiling are all protected with mosquito netting. Modular elements such as the rammed earth walls and concrete window boxes reduce costs through reusing formwork. Opposing pigments for the walls enhance the shifting concept. The roofs of each building meet in the centre of the courtyard over the entrances. The threshold into the courtyard gives the impression of safety due to the illusion of a gabled roof above, a form symbolic of secure shelter. The master plan arranges the buildings so that there is a linear public space between the two dorm areas which creates formal entrances into the courtyards from the north. The public space is set lower than the buildings and incorporates a fruitecarium area where fruit trees are grown. Water runoff from the building is shared with the fruitecarium and water harvesting for the bathrooms through French drains. Estimated Budget:
Foundation and floor $2200 Rammed earth walls including doors, windows and fixtures $2800 Roofing – corrugated iron + framework $2400 Landscaping including plumbing for rainwater harvesting $500 $7900
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luca
New Member
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Post by luca on May 31, 2016 4:46:01 GMT -6
ENTRY #512772626
INFINITELY REPRODUCIBLE CLASSROOMS
DESIGN A SCHOOL FOR GHANA
Design by: Luca Buonora - Rome (Italy)
Design Statement
The project idea was born from the “Ubuntu” expression and its meaning, which is "benevolence towards others".
Ubuntu is an ethic which focuses on loyalty and the mutual relations of people.
The ubuntu urges support themselves and help each other, to become aware not only of Their rights but also their duties, since it is an ideal drive for the whole of humanity, a desire for peace.
The best expression and form that comes closest to this concept, it is definitely the circle.
Shape at the base of the module, destined to the classrooms.
Every classroom has dimension of 44 metres square (internal diameter 7,5 mt).
The walls are build by bricks (brick: 40x20x20) for a total of 750 bricks, for a total amount of 650 USD.
The foundation is made to cement and stones, it is 0,8 metres wide, and about one metres in depth, for a perimeter of 24 metres (about 19,2 cubic metres).
Total amount of 600 USD included sand and aggregates.
Inside the walls there are 6 wooden pilot of varying height, depending upon inclination of the rooftop.
Moreover, there are 6 wodeen pilot external at the walls to give structural stability.
The total amount for the pilot is 416 USD.
The roof structure is composed to 5 primary wooden beams , of variable length, by a linear lenght of 31,5 metres. Total cost 210 USD.
And it is composed to 8 secondary wooden beams, of variable length, by a linear lenght of 78 metres for a total amount of 256 USD.
The roof is composed by corrugated sheet steel. The number of the sheets is 26, where there are 2 panels cutted crosswise and reused always for the roof, so each sheet metal panel will be cut and re-used, so as to have no waste and loss of material.
Total cost 360 USD.
On the roof sides there is a eaves which draws water in the tank located in the ground. The cost of the eaves is 60 USD.
Moreover, there are other extra cost like:
- 1 door and 4 windows = 100 USD
- Floor = 70 USD
- Mixtures and aggregated = 225 USD
- Attachments = 125 USD
- Eaves strut = 124 USD
- Furniture (desks, chairs, board) = 500 USD
Total amount for one module is 3.636 USD.
This design is designed to be a reproducible module and modules interacting between them.
The roof has been so designed with the purpose of having infinite possibilities of connection and aggregation.
Each module has a eaves for collecting water and a storage tank.
The module is very simple and economical to produce.
With this type of module it is possible to fit best with the orography of the land and it is possible to expand at any time, going to connect a new module to an existing one.
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Post by daniel on May 31, 2016 8:01:03 GMT -6
In this link you may find the Design drive.google.com/file/d/0B7VAjjjS0QR-eEc2YWVOSkQwOVk/view?usp=sharingDesign statement The design proposed for the Abetenim school focuses on the relationship between the student and the exterior; creating windows to the community and virtual windows to the world. A rigid structure with different dispositions of rammed earth walls adapts the space for studying while creating a relationship with the surroundings. The prefabricated beams in the roof are used to hang curtains, that divide the space inside the class, allowing different space configurations. Depending on the configuration, they tend to open to the south. Allowing the future installation of solar power while collecting the water with exterior channels. The disposition of the classrooms create exterior spaces, some of the covered, that are meant to be used as exterior classes or auditoriums. The furniture is in the windows, while connecting the interior with the exterior, they protect the classroom from the sun and block the views that may distract students. The plafond outside the classroom is used for the exhibitions and news of the school. The disposition and different configuration of the elements inside the classroom allow the future installation of projectors and webcams to create virtual windows. Creating networks of education and making the school the connection with knowledge, a place to speak and listen. Budget -Foundation $2000 Fabricated with rammed earth with more resistance and over a bed of stones that permit the proper drainage in the rainy season. -Structure $2000 A screwed prefabricated open web structure built in small pieces, that is armed by the community. -Walls $1600 Rammed earth walls with buttresses holding the metallic structure. -Mobiliary $1600 Windows with blackboards and shelves. Curtains for the divisions of spaces. -Installations $800 Electric installation and exterior drainage to collect water into a water storage. |
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Post by fabcla on May 31, 2016 8:49:19 GMT -6
ENTRY #506179103 4th earth architecture competition : a school for Ghana HUT _ human union typical Residence for teachers design team_Claudio Re and Fabio Ferrara in this link you may find the design_ drive.google.com/file/d/0B0KAaZdEpp3ATF91MVAxZFpDVGM/view?usp=sharingOur proposal is the result of an extensive research on the typical Ghanaian and African dwellings. The project takes inspiration from the structure of the African villages, usually shaped in a horseshoe or circular form. In particular, our concept is derived from the traditional rural African house, the hut: a community meeting point used for social and family interactions. According to the brief, we designed two single lodgings, four semi-detached dwellings and a house for ten people. Furthermore, we designed an initial filter and a central lobby which purpose is to create a meeting area (we like to define it “the start and end of the day space”) where teachers can meet at the beginning and at the end of the working day. We imagine them using the hall, discussing the work done and the students’ responses to their teachings, proving that a building turns into architecture only if it is lived (being otherwise only a set of walls which define a space). The construction systems of the filter, the housing units and the hall are designed to meet the local workforce skills and experiences, involving the use of local raw materials. The filter and the housing units are made of raw earth and pressed settling beams, while the hall is composed by pressed bricks. These bricks are offset to let air and light in, passing the rest of the housing units in height. We believe the hall is the most interesting part of our project because the concepts of “union” and “interaction” are the focuses of our architectural thinking. All units are connected by a single modular circular roof that holds together and encloses our idea of the hut. Also the construction system of the roof is kept simple: pillars and wooden beams supporting the structure of bamboo and straw. The straw mat provides protection from the elements. We believe in the crucial role of usages, customs and traditions in characterising the identity of a place. For this reason, we decided to use only local materials in our project. Budget: Foundation 760 $ Walling 1960 $ Roofing 1450 $ Doors 270 $ Fitting 645 $ Miscellaneous 430 $
TOTAL: 5515$
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Post by gustavofurlan on May 31, 2016 11:00:38 GMT -6
![]() The project Abetenim schools, consists of a design input for classrooms to be deployed in the village Abetenim Village, Ejisu-Juaben District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, proposed to assist in the education of poor children living in the region. The idea began with the proposal to design a school with enough spaciousness, quality architecture and to discuss the use of vernacular materials. in the process, the climatic factors and the search for natural, low-impact materials into the formed the first guideline. Followed by the intention of you work spatiality integration with the outside with the inside, in fact create an inviting environment for public access and thus pose a greater role in the community, elapsing of a format that can be expandable. the school can continue growing and adapting as local demand requires, not limited to an initial proposal, but a living proposal that suits. The cover has formed cross-top opening to assist in ventilation. produced with metallic structure is designed to withstand severe weather and have facilitated production Mud walls is project-requirement from the beginning create a fertile bond between contemporary architecture and vernacular cultures. Built on the foundation raft in 6 cm reinforced concrete, they are built over 3 meters and then a concrete strap the ends, creating a contact between cover and wall durability. Each classroom has 2 doors 1.5 meters wide, positioned face to face in the two room edges, creating a visual corridor that crosses the classroom to the opposite side. Opening, by requirement of mud characteristics, follow the ground by the end of the wall, and topped with concrete strap on top of the wall, which creates a gap of 1.5 x 3 meters. Assigns good ventilation, lighting allows for different uses inside the room. It will be made by bamboo logs, with outer jacket kente cloth made by the residents of the region and that is as strong cultural symbol of the population. The louvers located on the side of the hall plays auxiliary role in the sunlight of the rooms, these made with wood fillets that can be found in the vicinity of where the school is located The cost of the work tried to fit within the stipulated in the tender notice, limited to $ 8,000. In the project, using values raised in the region in Ghana, we arrive at the value of $ 4823 US dollars in materials: Concrete = $ 567.5 metal frame coverage = $ 2676.5 Metal tiles = $ 364 Frames, accessories and equipment = $ 1,000 Electrical Installation = $ 215 ( Forum says "Error: This forum has exceeded its attachment space limit. Your file cannot be uploaded.
", so I'm sending image through a link in Flickr ok?)
We sent everything through your email, so if you have any problem opening the image, please contact us, thank you.
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adel
New Member
Posts: 3
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Post by adel on May 31, 2016 11:19:29 GMT -6
Hello..u have said before that late submission will be consider but not later than 31 May,2016. But now it's written that the deadline was on 30 May !! we sent our design today based on your post that said "31 May"..so is our design as a team will be considered ?? Thank you so much for your help  |
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Post by benedetto on May 31, 2016 12:26:08 GMT -6
ENTRY # 500699368  DESIGN TEAM: Benedetto Gallina, Serra Lorenzo, and Battaglio Nadia (Italy)
DESIGN STATEMENT
The project investigates an idea of the classroom typology. It starts with the design of a single unit. This one is crafted to suit both the local environment and climate, and the social requirements of a learning space. The orientation is on the East-West axis to maximize the shadowing of the North and South façades. The curved wall that characterizes the project serves both to minimize the solar exposure at East and West (when the sun is lower in the sky) and to generate an interior space that allows different types of teaching.
The single classroom can be reproduced to form a courtyard space. The result is a friendly playground, shadowed by a portico that can be used for outside lessons and recreational activities.
CONSTRUCTION MODULARITY: The single classroom can grow into a masterplan of four units according to the economic means.
FLEXIBILITY: The architectural space is crafted on the typology, teaching. Both the interior and exterior space allows a formal or informal type of teaching, in order to trigger different learning processes, social interactions and aggregations.
LOCAL BUILDING TRADITION: The project takes its inspiration from the Ashanti tradition, both for the use of thick mudbricks and pitched roofs. These ones have been reinterpreted in a contemporary form. The roof has been divided in four elements to further increase natural ventilation and scalability. The bricks on the top of the walls are disposed in a less density manner in order to allow cross-ventilation, save material and recreate the ornamental pattern of the ashanti
interior courtyard decoration.
ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY: Most of the materials comes from the surround, such as earth, small wooden elements, and the roof is made of metal sheets. The project’s components are simple and low tech, can be manually assembled and no electricity is needed in the construction phases.
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adel
New Member
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Post by adel on May 31, 2016 12:27:35 GMT -6
ENTRY # 502706718
Abetenim Community Secondary School
Design team:students of "MSA" university and the supervising staff
DESIGN STATEMENT
The main idea is to design a unit to be used as a classroom, built by natural local materials because of its aesthetic appearance. We have consuming reasons for using appropriate technology, which provides renewable energy to advocate the Ghanaian's nature and culture. Therefore we are including the solar energy in our plan because the solar energy is a sustainable energy source that proposed to use super capacitors that can provide energy storage.Rammed earth system is used to provide an easy technique that can be built by human hands and the roof is a water collective system. As a result we are aiming to provide an effective and an additional architectural example to the architectural history of Ghana to be able to construct buildings in a better way in order to have a healthy life for the community.This school unit can be used also as any other component in the school"lab., dorm,..etc." because of it's flexible design.
The unit layout:
• Total Area: 53 m²"8.45mX6.25m"
• Total number of students: 40-45 students
The design is mainly based on:
1. Integration with the local climate condition.
2. Using of Appropriate and available building materials:
a. Walls: will be built with Rammed Earth (by using clay and around 5% lime as a stabilizing material,if available).
b. Arches: will be built using CEB.
c. Roofing: The first Roof: It will be roofed by using 4 Nubian vaults: the 2 vaults in the middle should be higher than the other 2 to act as a wind-catch system to allow the fresh air to come into the room from one side and the hot air will go out of the room from the other side. The second Roof: a light structure made of local Bamboo, covered by natural mats and corrugated zinc sheets.
d. Flooring: made of CEB or Rammed Earth.
e. Foundation: made by local foundation using natural stone or concrete.
f. Energy: will be supplied by solar energy.
3. Building materials:
a-Rammed Earth
b-CEB
c-bamboo
4. Building process:
It will be based on the community participation and by applying local building technology.
Cost Estimation: (labor and transportation are included)
Construction including walls, arches, and vaults: 1920 $
Roofing including bamboo, corrugated sheets, and timber beams: 1100 $
Fitting including windows, doors, and ceiling: 470 $
Miscellaneous including flooring, windows and doors finishing: 420 $
TOTAL=3910 $
TOTAL 15% regarding any extra cost= 4500 $
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Post by tribelab on May 31, 2016 12:31:47 GMT -6
ENTRY # 512880092
GROW
Dignified Sanitation for children in Abetenim school, Ghana
DESIGN TEAM: Tribe Lab(Samantha Schultz and Sara Luiza Kolata)
In Africa, one of the most important aspects of a healthy life is access to pure water, food and good sanitation. Some water borne illnesses weaken the organism and leave children unable to focus or even attend school. Many, living below poverty line come to school hungry, which affects their performance in class. Well harvested and managed water systems put a stop to all sorts of illnesses, promote a great level of personal hygiene, create ground for food production. This aids a steady development of healthy, striving communities, which in turn can focus on education and personal growth.
GROW is a project focusing on strengthening the quality of personal wellbeing of the school children in Abetenim, Ghana. It is designed around sustainable water collection, ecological sanitation and permaculture with an aim to promote education and self-efficiency within the school environment.
Well hydrated, clean and fed children have more chances to stay focused at school and graduate with good marks.
The project is built out of lab engineered rammed earth, which is water proof and moist resistant (specifics can be published in a research document). The building harvests rain water throughout the year, making use of the rainy season (March- November) storing all collected water in an underground cistern.
A low-tech water irrigation system supports hand-washing taps and recycles all grey water into the vertical and horizontal garden space. All plants proposed in the design are edible and can be sourced locally from surrounding farmlands. Eco-toilets produce compact garden compost all year round.
All enclosed spaces, being toilets have great air ventilation for maintenance of a clean environment. A vertical garden wall is introduced to create shading, which aids the cooling of the air for better circulation.
This project can be implemented with an education program, which focuses on the importance of sanitation, water management and gardening. It can act as a showcase to the local community of a low tech, cheap but effective lifestyle, which can be easily and cheaply reproduced in local households.
FOUNDATIONS
| $600 | | WATERPROOF RAMMED EARTH WALLS | $715
| | STEEL FOOTINGS FOR TRUSSES | $105
| | WOODEN TRUSSES | $1,000 | | BEAMS | $750 | | CORRUGATED ROOFING | $815 | | WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM | $215
| | UNDERGROUND PIPING | $260 | | CISTERN & PUMP | $250
| | WATERPROOF RAMMED EARTH SINK BASINS | $290
| | GABION WALL SINK BASES | $150
| | WATER IRRIGATION | $685
| | BAMBOO & STEEL DOORS | $690
| | ECO-TOILETS | $585
| GARDEN
| $650
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Post by robertsoares on May 31, 2016 12:51:38 GMT -6
#508596283
Abetenin school
Classroom design
Simplicity, feasibility, efficiency...
These are some words that can define this project. The contest proposal calls for a building of a school that will be built for real people, with real needs. So, more than a fancy render or techniques that in practice turns the project unnecessarily expensive, making it unviable to be built through collective effort, or even unviable to be built at all, I present a proposal that meets and surpass the public announcement of the contest and which can be easily built during the planned workshop by common people from Abetenin community.
The design was developed taking into account the layout of the buildings in the master plan already designed for the school. So, the classrooms have two doors, each one opening to one of its larger facades, which allows communication with both, the courtyard formed by the articulation of classrooms, and with others school buildings.
The cover was separated from the walls so that they do not receive the tensile stresses resulting from wind action. This is due to rammed earth be an excellent technique for compression stresses, but really bad against tensile ones.
The building was modulated so that were used only one type of mold on the construction of the walls. Each wall has 1.75 meters long and 25 cm which results in 12 walls.
There is room for a maximum of 36 pupils, which means 1.125 m² for each one.
The proposed design can be used for other school buildings, since it is very flexible and modular.
Budget:
Foundation and concrete slab: U$ 2000
Walls, including the concrete beam: U$ 750
Roof (all the parts): U$ 3500
Frames: U$ 1000
Plumbing for rainwater harvesting: U$ 250
Miscellaneous Expense: U$ 500
Total: U$ 8000
* Very approximated values |
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Post by mr4nderson on May 31, 2016 12:59:18 GMT -6
ASHANTI CLASSROOM (entry #508420396)
Design Statement The Ashanti Classroom design began by identifying key objectives which would ultimately become the primary factors which drove the design development. The first objective was to develop a classroom design which would utilize the community’s expertise, locally harvested building material, as well as labor. The walls of the classroom will be constructed by hand pressed brick, rammed Earth, and Atakpame building method. Since these are common building practices is Abetenim, local expertise would be important and highly regarded. The second objective was to develop a design which fits the cultural vernacular. Traditional Ashanti building practices were studied and used as a precedent for some of the aesthetic decisions employed in the classroom design. The use of Adinkra symbols at the base of Ashanti buildings became the inspiration for the Earth brick pattern used in the design. The design of the classroom was also inspired by the passive thermal design strategies used in traditional Ashanti architecture. The light grey plaster used over the Atakpame reduces the building’s heat gain. Also borrowed from Ashanti tradition is the use of high pitched roofs which allows for a better air circulation and creates cool interior spaces. Finally, the third objective which was identified was changing the perception of inferiority towards earth construction. The use subtle aesthetic elements provide depth and play to the façade, but at the same are still within the cultural boundaries of the Ashanti.
Project Materials/Cost Foundation: $2,470 Crushed stone/gravel, bags of cement, mesh reinforcement, wood formwork Walling: $1,630 Hand pressed or CEB brick, Portland cement, concrete, plaster Roofing: $2,200 Essia lumber, corrugated metal sheets Fittings: $545 Louver window frame, wooden door, chalkboard Miscellaneous: $800 Coconut fibers, metal mesh, large stones (for bench)
TOTAL: $7,645
Attachments:
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Post by RETHINK IMPLUVIUM 2.0 on May 31, 2016 13:31:25 GMT -6
ENTRY #512967499
RETHINK IMPLUVIUM 2.0
Design Team: B. Bougouma, C. Stanislas, C. Odette and T. Stephane, architects (BURKINA FASO)
BUDGET /
CARPENTERY 1200 USD
WELDING 1300 USD
STRUCTURE + CONCRETE 2200 USD
WALLS 2900 USD
In rural areas of Africa, there is a lack of teachers due to a lack of vocation, nevertheless they work hard every day, with good will and dedication to achieve the desired results. Therefore, we find in their allday living that they are poorly housed and have no privacy.
The aim of the contest is to build school units. We are making housing for teachers and chose to build in rammed earth because it is a simple and fast technique and helps regulate the humidity of the construction and offers economic and environmental benefits. Thick walls of a 40cm are built to support the loads and allow earth to use its natural properties, while partition walls are 20 cm thick. Beyond using earth as a constructive material, we adopt the impluvium as an architectural system. The impluvium is a system that collects and conveys rainwater to a storage location by roof. A platform stands in the courtyard under which we will have a mill pond with a filter that will allow harvesting rainwater for reuse.
The inward of the house is a courtyard with a tree that shadowed the house. All around the building, there is a concrete belt that acts as a window-support and base for the external roof structure. The roof is an umbrella over the building; It is independent from the construction and is naturally ventilated:
- A sheet metal roof for the upper part and (exterior)
- a cloth material roof for the second one (interior)
The upper roof has four slopes running outward for about 2 meters to cast shadow and prevent running water on the facades; and inward for 1 meter to cover the courtyard terrace.
There is a cross ventilation that permits continuous aeration because of moisture. The outside windows have a sun breaks to prevent heat to enter inside the house and in the courtyard we have blinds for hot air evacuation.
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Post by joanamarques on May 31, 2016 13:39:32 GMT -6
ENTRY # 512754232
ABETENIM SECONDARY SCHOOL, ASHANTI REGION, GHANA CLASSROOM PROJECT "When you climb a good tree"  DESIGN STATEMENT The classroom design proposal aims to be born naturally from the local culture, by the use of symbolic references, available materials, community resources and integrating geographic features. The classroom plan arises from the local adinkra symbol of support, cooperation and encouragement - Woforo dua pa a - meaning "When you climb a good tree, you are given a push". The building itself will be a support to the essential human right that is education. The earth, as the root of life in planet, will build the walls with the cooperation of both designers and local population. The school is an encouragement for young people to pursue their dreams and a tangible mark for local development. Each classroom will be an isolated volume like most of the village houses, although connected with the surrounding spaces, by an external corridor, covered by local kente cloths. As a one-unit module, it will ensure a good acoustic behaviour and autonomy in terms of costs, for construction in phases. With thick rammed earth walls, each building will have good thermal insulation. The roof and openings design will promote natural ventilation, taking advantage of southwest wind, for the best comfort performance. The materials will be minimal and local: stone, earth, wood. The module can be repeated around a courtyard, four, six or eight times. The proposed courtyard configuration is based on the adinkra symbol of excellence and authenticity, quality of workmanship - Nsaa, as a school pretends to be. Each classroom has always the same solar orientation for the best climatic performance, enriching this common space with different perspectives. The simplicity of design and construction will allow the villagers to take part of the process, encouraging the future responsibility and sense of belonging of the school, as well as the community empowerment by gaining skills and confidence to be used in others projects. |
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adolz
New Member
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Post by adolz on May 31, 2016 14:22:52 GMT -6
ENTRY: #506925175
ONE ROOF FOR ONE SCHOOL
   Design Team: Alice Dolzani (arch.) - Ludovica Benedetto (arch.) - Rolande Konou (arch.) ( Italy - Togo ) DESIGN STATEMENT: Our classes, at original very strict, it's creating new concepts of flexible, innovative and dynamic classrooms through the relationships between them and the courtyard, the heart of the building. This strong linearity is followed by a soft movement of the roof, which is presented as a single independent element supported by simple wood pillars. Creating compact blocks, linked by a single continuous land that delimits the courtyard. Six standard classes: equipped walls along the two sides, with bookcases on the structure, reading and study spaces. Four classes with open brick work patterns, which can also be used as a room for workshops. Two generous classes on opposite sides of the building manage to create a unique and impactful relationship; they can be exploited as a "stage" of theater and performances, conferences and shows. The project is mainly constructed from the use of two materials; locally crafted Adobe bricks, the trunk of the tree. The rônier of the palm trees will be used for the details and decoration. On all sides there are ventilation holes on the bottom and on the top. Moreover, on windows, the positioning of rônier gives a continuous flow of air, even when they are closed. The estimation of the cost result in less than 7.898 $ for one block with a class, an entrance space and a fexible class. For the other phases is suppost to spent the same budget-cost for each block. |
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Post by 511917146 on May 31, 2016 15:30:52 GMT -6
URBAN GROWTH THROUGH EDUCATION
A‐ Urban planning approach and phasing :
This project directly linked to existing homes, to consider a likely phasing of the construction site, according
to two axes of development:
1‐ From the road going to Juaben in the East, with a first phase to receive 400 children followed by an
expansion westward around a «band of equipment.»
2‐ Around this generator «band», the north placement of «classes blocks», and south connections with
the village, paths and staff houses, implanted in the continuity of the village. The refectory, designed as a
shelter framing a square, is located in the center of the «band of equipment» usable by locals.
B ‐ Classes blocks
These blocks are built on two levels for foundation and coverage area economies, superimposing classrooms
occupied during the day on the ground floor and dormitory at the first floor during the night.
They form a U open to the north on the dense forest, away from the bustle of the village and centered on a
planted patio.
C‐ Constructive approach and Budget System
Having participated on the building site « Mud Hut design « in 2015, we know that the budget of 8000 dollars
will allow us only the construction of, at most, a «class blok» prototype allowing us to validate both our
constructive assumptions and the mobilization of volunteer work, and also the operation to welcome the
first students.
The laterite, a local land, will be the base material for the proposed constructions. It will allow manufacture
and implementation of adobe bricks on site. Terracotta briquettes, produced in small quantities on site, will
bring to the ground floor a wall moldings / horizontal decoration and a protection against the attack of
exterior siding by driving rains.
The room floors and cover frame are designed with a metal underlay system to limit the wood sections and
the main supply by the site tree cutting .
The main expenses will be limited to the purchase of cover steel bins and natural lime.
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Post by tashaaitken1609 on May 31, 2016 16:20:19 GMT -6
This is the correct version of our submission board, identical to the emailed submission. This cropped drawing is now fully in place. Please use this drawing for the exhibition rather than the misprint! Thanks. Tasha and Gemma  |
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Post by #513102625 on May 31, 2016 17:38:02 GMT -6
![]() Education is one of the conditions necessary for the development of any human society. Consequently, building schools in rural areas in Africa is paramount today. Country with a strong cultural identity and birthplace of pan-Africanism, Ghana was the first African country to gain independence, thus showing its neighbors towards decolonization. Today the country is experiencing a very important booms, the importance given to the education system being one factor behind this growth. It is in this context for experimentation that we will install our project.
We wanted this project to give much importance to the interior as exterior of the school. As we know, in most cities that are located in remote villages in Africa, children have few means for development. This project that we propose therefore meets the needs of students being both adapted to the environment, fun, and educational. Outside of school hours, this school provides many working spaces equipped with blackboards that allow students to practice freely. More than a school, this project also draw a public space that will stimulate the imagination of children.
We think among other things that education shouldn’t be perceived as a chore. All children should be entitled to moments of happiness, where theys will feel safe and can therefore develop their creativity. The primary goal of this school is to be totally like the children who will attend, full of life and hope for the future. It is a place which is reassuring for children.
The school consists of a center line around which are grafted classrooms on the one hand and on the other hand. The central circulation, with a wide of 3 meters, is an intermediate space covered where students can sit, play and take a walk. In front of each class is a vast area with blackboard where students can speak, write, draw as they want and that even during the school closing hours.
Finally comes a last element, no less important, one that relates to the question of the material. According to our vision, the material is indeed in Architecture, what is the reading for the intellect, or exercice for the body, to quote the famous quote from Joseph Addison. This is therefore to build earthen us appears as a very interresting alternative. Despite the financial gains, the mud has also the avantage of being present everywhere, and well used, it does not pollute the nature.
A wooden structure, around which the construction elements are articulated, has completed the construction. More than structural, this structure allows among others to customize the school for example by hanging swings and other games for fun younger. |
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ojtli
New Member
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Post by ojtli on May 31, 2016 19:02:21 GMT -6
ENTRY # 512541695 Inclusive earth :urine diverting composting toilets  TEAM: OJTLI
Jose Antonio Sobrecueva Industrial engineer jasobrecueva@gmail.com Ma. Fernanda Sosa Architect mfgsosa@hotmail.es Adress: Av. Lomas verdes km 1.8 “rancho la arboleda” Banderilla, Veracruz, México The project proposes inclusion with the environment and with humans. The materials used are local, natural, and abundant. The design offers universal spaces so people with different capacities (motor, visual or hearing) can easily use the facilities. The eco-techniques used for water treatment and waste transformation help users get involved in the process, which is a cycle between humans and edible trees. We want to emphasize the aesthetics of earth and its malleable properties so that it is dignified and accepted as an adequate material for construction. In the same way, try to change the concept of latrine, which is frequently associated with an odorous, ugly, dark, dirty and unsafe place. The total area used is 130 m². Each urine - diverting composting toilet module is 28.40 m², there is one for women and one for men. The capacity for the restrooms is for 300 students, with the intention to replicate the design as the school grows. MATERIALS: Earth, sand, hydrated lime, bedrock, wood and cement for cistern and slab. The main building technique to use is rough rammed earth covered by a layer of lime and sand plaster applied with trowel for smoothness. The biofilter and dividing walls for the poop chambers will be built with CEB brick plastered with a mixture of lime and sand with different granulometry and trowel pressure for waterproofness. Cocciopesto is an ancient roman technique used in the construction of pavements and aqueduct. It consists of lime, sand, different pebble sizes and broken bricks or pottery. The mixture is poured on layers and then beaten down with a rammer. BudgetBuilding (foundation, walls, concrete slab, ramps, chambers) $ 1,740.00 Woodwork (doors, lattices, frames) $ 89.00 Roof (truss, battons, corrugated zinc) $ 2,165.00 Ecotechnie (biofilter, poopster, cistern) $ 476.00 Installations (electric, hidraulic ) $1,230.00 Furnishing (urinal, WC seat, flush latrine, basin) $1,120.00 5% Project Contingency $ 341.00 TOTAL: $ 7,161.00 |
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Post by fabcla on May 31, 2016 19:21:19 GMT -6
ENTRY #506179103 4th earth architecture competition : a school for Ghana HUT _ human union typical Residence for teachers design team_Claudio Re and Fabio Ferrara  Our proposal is the result of an extensive research on the typical Ghanaian and African dwellings. The project takes inspiration from the structure of the African villages, usually shaped in a horseshoe or circular form. In particular, our concept is derived from the traditional rural African house, the hut: a community meeting point used for social and family interactions. According to the brief, we designed two single lodgings, four semi-detached dwellings and a house for ten people. Furthermore, we designed an initial filter and a central lobby which purpose is to create a meeting area (we like to define it “the start and end of the day space”) where teachers can meet at the beginning and at the end of the working day. We imagine them using the hall, discussing the work done and the students’ responses to their teachings, proving that a building turns into architecture only if it is lived (being otherwise only a set of walls which define a space). The construction systems of the filter, the housing units and the hall are designed to meet the local workforce skills and experiences, involving the use of local raw materials. The filter and the housing units are made of raw earth and pressed settling beams, while the hall is composed by pressed bricks. These bricks are offset to let air and light in, passing the rest of the housing units in height. We believe the hall is the most interesting part of our project because the concepts of “union” and “interaction” are the focuses of our architectural thinking. All units are connected by a single modular circular roof that holds together and encloses our idea of the hut. Also the construction system of the roof is kept simple: pillars and wooden beams supporting the structure of bamboo and straw. The straw mat provides protection from the elements. We believe in the crucial role of usages, customs and traditions in characterising the identity of a place. For this reason, we decided to use only local materials in our project. Budget: Foundation 760 $ Walling 1960 $ Roofing 1450 $ Doors 270 $ Fitting 645 $ Miscellaneous 430 $ TOTAL: 5515$ |
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Post by katestockton on May 31, 2016 21:18:57 GMT -6
Submission Number: 500382134
A School for Ghana: Learning Pods
DESIGN CONCEPT This design directly acknowledges the previously proposed site by encouraging organic, free-flowing movement between each building cluster, but additionally drawing focus to the courtyards. 10 classrooms are organized radially around a raised walkway to form a “learning pod.” This design produces an open, but protected learning environment that can serve additional programs. The central sunken courtyard utilizes steps as seating for large gatherings. The courtyard can also serve as a drainage pool during the wet season. The outer walls of the classrooms create circulation around the outside of the pod while a series of steps leading to the walkway can be found in the openings between classrooms. A ramp was incorporated into the design for ease of access to the learning pods and central gathering space. Each classroom uses curved walls to mimic the form of an auditorium. Kente cloth covers floor-to-ceiling windows providing protection from the sun. The bright colors of the cloth can identify buildings by grade level or subject. Kente is also harnessed in the interior of each room as wall and ceiling tapestries, providing acoustical dampening. Rammed earth as the central building material allows for a reduction in the amount of water required to build the classrooms and surrounding site work. The material is locally sourced, abundant, environmentally responsible, and durable with the use of integrated sealants. The open air design of the structure allows air to move through the building allowing the heat of the day to dissipate and rise away from the building. Mosquito protection is provided at the ceiling and the windows, but still allows for airflow. The sloped roof design allows efficient drainage while incorporated a locally sourced, lightweight and recyclable material.
PRICE BREAKDOWN
Foundation (earth, concrete): $3,500 Walls (earth, concrete, rebar, windows, doors): $1,015 Roof: (zinc sheets, trusses, wood anchors): $1,435
Classroom Total: $3,500 + $1,015 + $1,435 = $5,950 Learning Pod with 10 Classrooms Total = $59,500
Attachments:
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Post by valearagones1 on Jun 1, 2016 0:30:41 GMT -6
ENTRY # 521979476 EARTH SCHOOL  DESIGN STATEMENT The construction of a module of classrooms for the region of Ghana, where education becomes a privilege for the habitants In a more symbolic sense, create a membership of habitants with school, allowing a feeling of the place and feel it himself. Develop both educationally and personally, having as a concept the universality of space and the identification of culture from them. The module based on a class for 36 students. These create a set of 4 modules allowing Center classrooms a multipurpose room for larger activities. Sometimes the classroom unit can locate 3 classrooms and leaving a free building module for further space of relation between other units and square spaces, given a lot of flow for users. The creation of the model started as a sustainable building, with a simple and friendly construction with the environment. Use local materials and working with the constructive method in the place. With a foundation created with blocks of edges made of concrete and soil, surrounding the module, the columns and the walls. This Foundation is filled of rocks to compact it. The walls will be built of blocks of compacted soil, and structured with 40 * 40 cm columns every 3,00 meters, tying these columns of 20 * 30 cm concrete beam and the wall extents to the roof enclosure in bamboo. The trusses are composed of 3 bamboo that are tying with a special piece that can be done with laser printer and It has lower cost. The roof is made of metal with a slope of 2%, implementing facia to protect the facade, uniting it with structural tube. The outer columns holding the cover on the façade are composed with diagonal structural tubes and a structural bamboo piece located in the middle for supporting. A functional proposal opening of windows which are closed, displayed and used enclosure for the module and way in which open becomes furniture for students. Rotating doors covered with bamboo on the outside and in material coated with chalkboard paint. Foundations Gravel stone and rammed earth: 135m2 Foundation ring : 13,74m2 $ 1,200 Columns Column type A 0,52 x 4 2,11m2 Column type B 0,56 x 4 2,24m2 Column type C 0,06 x 8 0,48m2 Total 4,83m2 $ 2,000 Walls 21,6 linear meters’ x 3,30h x 0,20w: 14,25m2 $ 700 Steel 16 structural bars 0,05m x 0,15m x 3m: 48 linear meters $ 700 Bamboo 8 vertical columns of 3,15m: 48 linear meters 4 structural bean: 138 linear meters Total: 163 linear meters $ 0 Wood Roof support 15 x 13,80m Total: 207 linear meters 12 Wood Windows- desk 0,50m x 2m: 1m2 Total: 12m2 $ 1,500 Plastic Molten plastic for roofs structure 60 units $1,000 Roof 11,80m x 14m : 165m2 $ 1,000 TOTAL $8,100 |
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Post by Nka on Jun 1, 2016 10:35:11 GMT -6
Entry # 513129902
DESIGN TEAM: Patricia Mutebi (Kenya) Design statement
1. Material description:
This simple yet functional design of a classroom unit measures 6500*8000mm and has 3000mm high walls that are made of rammed earth bricks with wooden foldable louvered windows whose blades are angled or slated so that they can let in air and light, while keeping out harsh sunlight and rain. The classroom unit is able to accommodate 45 students comfortably with space for the teacher as well. Attached to the classroom is a storage unit for books, chalk and any other scholastic materials.
The rammed earth blocks used take advantage of local skills and thus reduce on the need to have to teach the local laborers a new technique which in turn saves a lot of valuable time and money. In addition to cost efficiency, the blocks are strong, stable, water-resistant and long-lasting.
To support the structure, strip foundation has been used because of its simplicity in design and the fact that it doesn’t require expensive tools other than formwork which can be used throughout the construction process of the other buildings as well.
Steel roof trusses have been used to support the profiled iron sheets because they are easy to replace, fire resistant and cheap.
Aluzinc roofing sheets have been used because of their durability, and ability to give off a cool inner temperature.
2. BUDGET
Foundation and walls = 3000
Roofing (Steel trusses and Aluzinc roofing sheets) = 2000
Door frames and leaves and windows =1500
Fittings (cupboards, desks, blackboard) = 500
Louvered windows = 200
Bamboo poles(treatment) = 50
Plumbing (gutters, taps and poly tanks) = 500
Miscellaneous expenses = 250
TOTAL EXPENDITURE = $8000
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Post by Frank & Mary on Jun 1, 2016 10:58:57 GMT -6
DESIGN ENTRY # 500684413
Laboratory in Abetenim, Ghana. Being curious and daring.
DESIGN TEAM: Francesco Comi and Maria Drago (Italy)
Significance and Purpose
The design of the laboratory in Abetenim is inspired by driving traits of scientists: being curious and daring. The laboratory uses a module 50 x 50 cm base for the entire project. How the bases are dynamically located is a metaphor of science showing creativity and originality built on rigid rules. The remarkable roof unites three rectangular blocks by continuously covering the classrooms and open area. The windows are large and small to visually capture the essence of experimenting. This creates a “sub-village” with inside and outside common spaces. The square is dedicated to interactivity and sharing ideas, in fact the blocks are perfect as tables for experiments or seats.
General Description
The shape of the roof creates emphasis leading to the main access, slopes to the north to shade the sunniest side and enhances the air circulation. The rectangular building has a central door allowing the space to be divided into two classrooms. There are two types of windows: large ones are visual connections to the outside and small ones, mainly at the top, provide indirect light and ventilation. There are small windows at the bottom that are “spyglasses” giving the student a unique point of view – reinforcing the scientific approach of being curious and daring.
Specialty of the Building Materials
The materials used in the walls, windows and roof create the uniqueness of the laboratory building. The walls are mud and cement reinforced with coco fiber. The big windows have curtains from local cloths, which is a female specific contribution to the project. A mesh of recycled tyre is underneath the zinc roof to soften rain vibrations and noise.
Cost $7,820.00
Concrete foundations, pavement and platform $2,200.00
Rammed earth walls $1,900.00
Windows and door $320.00
Roof and wooden structure $3,400.00
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Post by etienn on Jun 1, 2016 17:43:43 GMT -6
ENTRY # 505882216 Between patio and light : Classrooms in Abetenim, Ghana
Design Team: Jean-Emmanuel David and Etienne Fabre (France)
A 600-student school, it’s a lot. Especially if the project is located in a rural area. That’s why we have considered many intermediate places within the school. The patio, as it represents a strong Ghanaian tradition (for conviviality and freshness), will allow to separate the school into different groups, depending of the age, the study...
The Ghanaian-grown bamboo and earth in his multiple way of contruction will cut down the budget. The materials are cheap and ecological and they can be found on the site.
There’s no pre-established masterplan. Classrooms can be assembled as long as the needs come, as the same was of metabolism architecture. |
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Post by Khaled sirsy on Jun 1, 2016 19:35:49 GMT -6
#510701210 The palm cafeteria hall in Abetenim, Ghana
Design team: Tasmimat, Abdulrahman El-Taliawi, MSc Architect, and Khaled Sirsy Architect
Since time immemorial, peoples of different continents have realized the potential of using Palm Trees in the construction of their shelters. Trunks have been used as columns, beams and lentils, reeds as roofing and furniture, even leaves as ropes for tying connections. In this project, except for foundations and roofing, our aim is to construct a whole design out of Palm Trees, building on ancient vernacular traditions as well as attempting to innovate new ones with attention to construction details. Our chosen space typology is the Cafeteria Hall, a 450 sqm lightweight structure divided into several halls with varying dimensions. Foundations: Gabions filled with rock piles are used as foundations. Dry rock piles are immune to the impact of heavy rain water since they act as joints, letting the water through. Rocks are gathered from around the site by local labor, instead of stone transportation from quarries. Gabions are situated in an approximately 60 cm deep excavated trench. Flooring: 10cm thick layer of earth is rammed over the gabion foundations. Roofing: Corrugated sheet, covered from above and below with palm reed.
Budget: 6800 USD (draft bill of quantities below)
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